Milestones in Molecular Biology:
Since its inauguration in 1901, the “Nobel
Prize” has been awarded to individuals, teams and organizations for
outstanding achievements in the fields of chemistry, physiology or medicine,
physics, literature, economics and peace. As indicated by Alfred Nobel in his
will, the Nobel Prize is established to recognize those who have
"conferred the greatest benefit to mankind".
It is our (WileyCDA ) great honor to have published the works more
than 490 Nobel Laureates. This prestigious accolade conferred on our authors
reaffirms Wiley's commitment to publishing quality content for the benefit of
the research and scholarly communities. http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section.
This is just a list of Nobel laureates who have contributed
to the scientific knowledge of Biology, Biophysics and Biochemistry and many
other subjects of importance. But there are thousands of scientists in all
branches of science over the century and those who have contributed to the
science of Biology; especially Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering are at
pinnacle of Biology. We should know without proper knowledge of physics,
chemistry and mathematics molecular biology would not have developed to this
state of prominence. The other contributors name has been sited elsewhere; the
list is not complete; yet trying to incorporate names as many as possible with
respect to Molecular Cell Biology.
"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy"
Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar ; The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2015 has been awarded jointly; for
the mechanistic studies of DNA repair; "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against
infections caused by roundworm parasites"
Youyou Tu; "for
her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria"
John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser; "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning
system in the brain"
James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof; "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a
major transport system in our cells"
2013: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: James E.Rothman, Randy
W. Schekman and Thomas C. Sudhof- for their work on regulation of vesicular traffic- a transport
system in cells.
2012: Nobel
Prizes in Physiology or Medicine and or Chemistry. Robert J. Lefkowitz 2012
Nobel Prize in Chemistry; Brain Kolbika, Chemistry-for GPCR, G-protein coupled Receptor; John B. Gurdon and
Shine Yamanaka; Cells and sensibility; Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine: -
for their work on embryonic cells; mature cells can be reprogrammed.
2011
Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann, for
their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity, and the other half to
Ralph M. Steinman for his
discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity.
2011 Daniel Shechtman (Israel) in chemistry awarded Nobel Prize, for his discovery of the structure of quasi-crystals.
Shechtman first created quasi-crystals by rapidly cooling molten metals, such
as aluminum and manganese, by squirting the mixture onto a cool surface. Then,
he observed that the new crystal was made up of perfectly ordered,
non-repeating units; mathematics and
art: the golden ratio. So
far, 102 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been awarded since 1901. It was not
awarded on eight occasions: in 1916, 1917, 1919, 924, 1933, 1940, 1941 and 1942.
2010 Robert G. Edwards "for the
development of in vitro fertilization".
2010 Richard F Heck, and Japanese
scientists, Ei-ichi Negishi and
Akira Suzuki. They were awarded the
prize for the work they have done in the field of palladium catalyzed coupling
reactions in organic synthesis.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 ·
Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi . Paul Berg. "for their fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with
particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
2009 Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak for for the discovery of how
chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase".
2009 chemistry: VENKATRAMAN
RAMAKRISHNAN, THOMAS A. STEITZ,
and ADA E. YONATH for studies of the structure and function
of the ribosome
2008 Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier; for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing
cervical cancer",the other half jointly to Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
and Luc Montagnier "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency
virus".
2008 in chemistry; OSAMU SHIMOMURA,
MARTIN CHALFIE,
and ROGER Y TSIEN; for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent
protein, GFP
2007
Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, Oliver Smithies for "for their discoveries of principles for introducing
specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells".
2007: Gerhard Ertl, "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces."
2006
Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello; for their
discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"
2006 Chemistry; ROGER
D. KORNBERG for his studies of the molecular
basis of eukaryotic transcription
2005
Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren for their
discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and
peptic ulcer disease"
2005: Yves
Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock,
"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis."
2004;
Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck for their discoveries
of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
2004 in chemistry;
The
prize is being awarded jointly to:
AAAVRAM HERSHKO ,
and IRWIN
ROSE for the discovery of ubiquitin RON CIECHANOVER,
itin-mediated
protein degradation.
2003
Paul C. Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield for their
discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"
2003 in Chemistry;
The
prize is being chemistry for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes
with one half of the prize to: PETER
AGRE,
for the discovery of water channels ;and the other half of the prize to: RODERICK MACKINNON
for structural
and mechanistic studies of ion channels.
2002
Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston for "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of
organ development and programmed cell death'".
2002 Chemistry;
for
the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of
biological macromolecules with one half jointly to:
JOHN B. FENN,
and KOICHI TANAKA, for their development of soft
desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological
macromolecules and the other half to:
KURT
WÜTHRICH for
his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for
determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in
solution.
2001
Leland H. Hartwell, UK; Tim Hunt, Sir Paul M. Nurse and Sydney brenner for their discoveries of key
regulators of the cell cycle
and"for their discoveries
of key regulators of the cell cycle".
2000 Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel;
for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the
nervous system".
1999 Günter Blobel (Germany) US."for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic
signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell.
1998 Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad;US,
"for their discoveries concerning nitric
oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"
1997 Stanley B. Prusiner US," for his
discovery of Prions
- a new biological principle of infection
1997 Chemistry;
The
prize was divided, one half being awarded jointly to:
PAUL
D. BOYER and JOHN
E. WALKER
for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
and
with one half to:
JENS
C. SKOU
for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase
1996 Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel sw, for their discoveries
concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence"[95
1995 Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F.
Wieschaus; US, FRG, US “for their discoveries concerning the
genetic control of early embryonic development
1994 Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell; US,
"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"
1993 Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. SharpUK,US; "for their discoveries of split genes
1993 Chemistry;
The
prize was awarded for contributions to the developments of methods within
DNA-based chemistry equally between:
KARY
B. MULLIS;
for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
and
MICHAEL
SMITH
for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of
oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for
protein studies.
1992 Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs;sw,US; "for their discoveries
concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism
1991 Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann;FRG; for their
discoveries concerning the function of single ion
channels in cells"
1990 Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas; US;
"for their discoveries concerning organ
and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
1989 J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus;US "for
their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes
1989 Chemistry;
The
prize was awarded jointly to:
SIDNEY ALTMAN
and THOMAS R. CECH for their discovery of catalytic
properties of RNA
1988 Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings;
Uk,US; "for their discoveries of important principles for drug
treatment
1988 chemistry;
The
prize was awarded jointly to:
JOHANN
DEISENHOFER , ROBERT
HUBER and HARTMUT
MICHEL
for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic
reaction centre
1987
Susumu Tonegawa;JP; "for his
discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
1986
Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini; US, Italy,
US; "for their discoveries of growth
factors.
1985
Goldstein; US; "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol,metabolism;
.
1984
Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler, César Milstein;
Denmark, FRG, Argentina, and UK; "for theories concerning the specificity
in development and control of the immune
system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies".
1983
Barbara McClintock; US; for her discovery of mobile genetic
elements.
1982
Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane;
SW,SW,UK"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins
and related biologically active substances"
1982 Chemistry;
SIR
AARON KLUG
for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural
elucidation of biologically important nuclei acid-protein complexes
1981
Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel;
Sweeden, US "for their discoveries concerning information processing in
the visual
system
1980
Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell;
Venezeula,US,US;"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface
that regulate immunological reactions"[79
1980 in chemistry;
The
prize was divided, one half being awarded to:
PAUL
BERG
for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with
particular regard to recombinant-DNA
and
the other half jointly to:
WALTER
GILBERT and FREDERICK
SANGER
for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in
nucleic acids.
1979
Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield; US, UK;
"for the development of computer assisted tomography
1978
Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith;
SW.US.US: "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to
problems of molecular genetics
1978
chemistry
PETER
D. MITCHELL
for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through
the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory.
1977
Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow;US,US;
"for the development of radioimmunoassays
of peptide hormones.
1976
Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek;US,US;
for their discovery of peptide hormone production for brain.
1975
David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard M. Temin;
US, Italy, US; "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour
viruses and the genetic material of the cell"
1975 chemistry
The
prize was divided equally between: -
SIR
JOHN WARCUP CORNFORTH for his work on the stereochemistry of
enzyme-catalyzed reactions and
VLADIMIR
PRELOG
for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions
1974
Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade;
"for their discoveries concerning the structural and
functional organization of the cell"
1973
Tinbergen, Austria; "for their discoveries concerning organization and
elicitation of individual and social behaviour patter
1972
Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R. Porter; US,UK;
"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"
1972 Chemistry;
The
prize was divided, one half being awarded to:
CHRISTIAN
B. ANFINSEN
for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the
amino acid sequence and the biologically active confirmation
and
the other half jointly to:
STANFORD
MOORE and WILLIAM
H. STEIN
for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical
structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease
molecule
1971
Earl W. Sutherland Jr.US; "for his
discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones,
1970
Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod; US,SW,UK;
"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters
in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and
inactivation.
1970 Chemistry; LUIS
F. LELOIR for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and
their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates.
1969
Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria;
US; "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the
genetic structure of viruses
1968
Robert W. Holley, H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg;
US, India, US respectively; "for their interpretation of the genetic code
and its function in protein synthesis
1967
Ragnar Granit, Haldan K. Hartline, George Wald;SW,US,US;
for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual
processes in the eye
1966
Peyton Rous, Charles B. Huggins; US,US;"
for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses; for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer
1965
François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod; FR,;
for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis
1964
Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen; US, FRG;"for
their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol
and fatty
acid metabolism
1963
Sir John Eccles, Alan L. Hodgkin, Andrew F. Huxley;UK;
"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in
excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell
membrane"
1962
Francis Crick, James Watson, Maurice Hugh FrederickWilkins;
Uk, US, and UK; "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure
of nucleic
acids and its significance for information transfer in living material
1962 Chemistry; The prize was divided
equally between:
MAX
FERDINAND PERUTZ and SIR
JOHN COWDERY KENDREW for their studies of the structures of globular proteins.
1961
Georg von Békésy; US;"for his discoveries
of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea
1961 Chemistry;
MELVIN
CALVIN
for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants
1960
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Medawar;
Australia, UK; "for discovery of acquired immunological
tolerance
1959
Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg; US, Spain, US; "for
their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic
acid and deoxyribonucleic acid
1958
George Beadle, Edward Tatum, Joshua Lederberg;
US,US;"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events; "for his
discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of
the genetic material
of bacteria
1958 Chemistry;
FREDERICK
SANGER
for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin.
1957
Daniel Bovet; Italy;"for his discoveries
relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body
substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the
skeletal muscles
1957 Chemistry;
LORD
ALEXANDER R. TODD
for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes.
1956
André F. Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards;
US, FRG, US; "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological
changes in the circulatory system"[
1956 Chemistry;
The
prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR
CYRIL NORMAN HINSHELWOOD and NIKOLAY
NIKOLAEVICH SEMENOV for their researches into the mechanism of chemical
reactions.
1955
Hugo Theorell; SW;"for his discoveries
concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes
1954
John F. Enders, Thomas H. Weller, Frederick C. Robbins;US,US,US;
"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis
viruses to grow in
cultures of various types of tissue
1954 Chemistry: LINUS
CARL PAULING for his research into the nature of the
chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of
complex substances.
1953
Hans Krebs, Fritz Lipmann; Uk,US;"for his
discovery of the citric acid cycle; "for his discovery of co-enzyme A
and its importance for intermediary metabolism"[52]
1952
Selman A. Waksman;US; "for his discovery of
streptomycin,
the first antibiotic
effective against tuberculosis
1951
Max Theiler; SA;"for his discoveries
concerning yellow fever and how to combat it"
1950
Edward C. Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein, Philip S. Hench;US,US,SW
"for his discoveries concerning yellow
fever and how to combat it"
1949
Walter Hess, Egas Moniz; Portugal;"for his
discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy (lobotomy) in
certain psychoses
1948
Paul Müller; SW,SW;"for his discovery of the
high efficiency of DDT
as a contact poison against several arthropods"[47]; "for his discovery of the
functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal
organs
1948 Chemistry;
ARNE
WILHELM KAURIN TISELIUS for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption
analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the
serum proteins
1947
Carl Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay;
US,US,Argentina; "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic
conversion of glycogen
1947 Chemistry;
SIR
ROBERT ROBINSON
for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially
the alkaloids
1946
Hermann J. Muller; US;"for the discovery of
the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation”
1946 Chemistry:
The
prize was divided, one half being awarded to:
JAMES
BATCHELLER SUMNER
for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized; the other half jointly to JOHN HOWARD NORTHROP
and WENDELL MEREDITH
STANLEY for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins
in a pure form.
1945
Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst B. Chain, Sir Howard Florey;
UK,UK,Australia;"for the discovery of penicillin
and its curative effect in various infectious diseases
1944
Joseph Erlanger, Herbert S. Gasser;US,US;"for
their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres
1943
Henrik Dam, Edward A. Doisy;Denmark, US;
"for his discovery of vitamin K, "for his discovery of the chemical nature
of vitamin K
1942
The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and
with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1941
The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and
with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1940
The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and
with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1939
Gerhard Domagk; Germany;"for the discovery of
the antibacterial
effects of prontosil
1939 Chemistry.
ADOLF
FRIEDRICH JOHANN BUTENANDT for his work on sex hormones.
(Caused by the authorities of his country to decline the award but later
received the diploma and the medal).
1938
Corneille Heymans Belgium; "for the discovery
of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in
the regulation of respiration
1938 Chemistry;
RICHARD
KUHN
for his work on carotenoids and vitamins. (Caused by the authorities of his
country to decline the award but later received the diploma and the medal.)
1937
Albert Szent-Györgyi; hungary; "for his
discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special
reference to vitamin
C and the catalysis of fumaric acid
1937 Chemistry;
The
prize was divided equally between:
SIR
WALTER NORMAN HAWORTH for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin
C. and PAUL
KARRER for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins
and vitamins A and B2
1936
Sir Henry Dale, Otto Loewi; UK,Austria;
"for their discoveries relating to chemical
transmission of nerve impulses
1935
Hans Spemann; germany;"for his discovery of
the organizer effect in embryonic development
1934
George H. Whipple, George R. Minot, William P. Murphy;
US,US,US;"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in
cases of anaemia
1933
Thomas H. Morgan;US; "for his discoveries
concerning the role played by the chromosome
in heredity
1932
Sir Charles Sherrington, Edgar Adrian;UK,UK;
"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons
1931
Otto Warburg: germany; "for his discovery
of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory
enzyme
1930
Karl Landsteiner; Austria;"for his
discovery of human blood groups
1930 Chemistry;
HANS
FISCHER
for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and
especially for his synthesis of haemin.
1929
Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Hopkins;
Netherland;"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin
1929 Chemistry;
The
prize was divided equally between:
SIR
ARTHUR HARDEN and HANS
KARL AUGUST SIMON VON EULER-CHELPIN for their investigations on the
fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes.
1928
Charles Nicolle; "France; for his work on typhus
1927
Julius Wagner-Jauregg; Austria; "for his
discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation
in the treatment of dementia paralytica"
1926
Johannes Fibiger; Denmark;"for his
discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma
1925
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section
1924
Willem Einthoven ,Netherland;"for the
discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram
1923
Frederick G. Banting, John Macleod; Canada,
Canada;"for the discovery of insulin
1922
Archibald V. Hill, Otto Meyerhof;UK,Germany;
"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle; "for
his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism
of lactic
acid in the muscle
1921
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section;
1920
August Krogh; Denmark:"for his discovery of
the capillary motor regulating mechanism
1919
Jules Bordet; Belgium; "for his discoveries
relating to immunity
1918
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section
1917
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section
1916
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section
1915
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section
1915 Chemistry;
RICHARD
MARTIN WILLSTÄTTER- for his researches on plant pigments, especially
chlorophyll.
1914
Robert Bárány Austria; "for his work on
the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus
1913
Charles Richet; France;"[for] his work on anaphylaxis
1912
Alexis Carrel; france;"[for] his work on
vascular suture and the transplantation
of blood
vessels and organs
1911
Allvar Gullstrand;Sweeden; "for his work on
the dioptrics
of the eye
1910
Albrecht Kossel; Germany;"in recognition of
the contributions to our knowledge of cell
chemistry made through his work on proteins,
including the nucleic substances
1909
Theodor Kocher; SW; for his work on the
physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid
gland"[
1908
Ilya Mechnikov, Paul Ehrlich; Russia,
Germany;"in recognition of their work on immuni
1907
Alphonse Laveran; France;"in recognition of
his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases
1907 Chemistry:
EDUARD
BUCHNER
for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell free fermentation.
1906
Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal; Spain;
"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous
system
1905
Robert Koch; Germany; "for his
investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis
1904
Ivan Pavlov; Russia;"in recognition of his
work on the physiology of digestion,
through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed
and enlarged"[
1903
Niels Ryberg Finsen; Denmark;"[for] his
contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus
vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new
avenue for medical science"[11]
1902
Ronald Ross;UK; "for his work on malaria; "for
his work on malaria,
by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the
foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it
1902;chemistry
HERMANN EMIL FISCHER
in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on
sugar and purine syntheses.
1901
Emil von Behring;Germany; for his work on serum
therapy, especially its application against diphtheria,
"for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria,
by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby
placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and
deaths
1901; Chemistry
JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN'T
HOFF in recognition of the extraordinary services he has
rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure
in solutions
Note:
Ten women have won the Nobel Prizes: Gerty Cori
(1947), Rosalyn Yalow (1977), Barbara McClintock (1983), Rita Levi-Montalcini (1986), Gertrude
B. Elion (1988), Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (1995), Linda B.
Buck (2004), Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (2008), Elizabeth H. Blackburn (2009) and Carol
W. Greider (2009).[8] As of 2010, the prize has been
awarded to 196 individuals. There have been nine years in which the Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine was not awarded (1915–1918, 1921, 1925, 1940–1942).
Note: The list
is of the people who have been recognized by the NOBEL committee; but behind
them there are/were many scholars remain unquoted or quoted and recognized by
their work and worth; e.x- Donahue- who gave the clue to J.D. Watson about the
tautomeric nature of ‘Bases’ in DNA, Miss Franklin provides the X-ray diffraction
photo of the DNA; Dr. G. Ramachandra IISc, protein structural plot–now it is
well known as G. Ramachandran plot.
List of Nobel
laureates by country
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Laureates of the Nobel Prize
listed by country:
Listings for Economics refer to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic
Sciences. In contrast to the Nobel Prize, this award does not originate
from the legacy of Alfred Nobel, but was founded by the Swedish
central bank in 1968. The Nobel prize has been awarded 829 times, whereof
23 awards are affiliated with organizations.
The present list ranks laureates under the
country/countries that are stated by the Nobel Prize committee on its website. The
list does not distinguish between laureates who got a full prize and the
majority who got just a fraction of a prize. Some laureates are listed under
more than one country, because the official website mentions multiple countries
in relation to the laureate.[4] If a country is merely mentioned as
the place of birth, an asterisk(*) is used in the respective listing to
indicate this.[5] In this case, the birth country is
mentioned in italics at the other listings of this laureate. For the
same award, two birth place related listings occur when the place of birth is currently
in a different country then at the time of birth. Laureate–country connections
that are not mentioned at the official website are not considered in this list.
Organizations are listed here if the Nobel Prize
committee relates them to a single country.
Algeria
- Claude Cohen-Tannoudji*, Born in
then French Algeria, Physics, 1997
- Albert
Camus*, Born in then French Algeria, Literature, 1957
Argentina
- César Milstein, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
- Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Peace, 1980
- Luis Federico Leloir, Chemistry, 1970
- Bernardo Houssay, Physiology or Medicine,
1947
- Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Peace, 1936
Australia
- Elizabeth H. Blackburn*, Physiology or
Medicine, 2009
- Barry
Marshall, Physiology or Medicine, 2005
- J.
Robin Warren, Physiology or Medicine, 2005
- Peter C. Doherty, Physiology or Medicine,
1996
- John Warcup Cornforth, Chemistry, 1975
- Patrick
White, born in the United Kingdom, Literature, 1973
- John Carew Eccles, Physiology or Medicine,
1963
- Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet,
Physiology or Medicine, 1960
- Sir Howard Florey, Physiology or
Medicine, 1945
- William Lawrence Bragg*, Physics, 1915
(youngest recipient of a prize at age of 25)
Austria
- International Atomic Energy Agency,
Peace, 2005
- Elfriede Jelinek, Literature, 2004
- Eric
R. Kandel*, Physiology or Medicine, 2000
- Walter
Kohn*, Chemistry, 1998
- Friedrich
Hayek, Economics, 1974
- Konrad
Lorenz, Physiology or Medicine, 1973
- Karl
von Frisch*, Physiology or Medicine, 1973
- Max
F. Perutz, Chemistry, 1962
- Wolfgang
Pauli, Physics, 1945
- Richard
Kuhn*, Chemistry 1938
- Otto
Loewi*, Physiology or Medicine, 1936
- Victor Francis Hess, Physics, 1936
- Erwin Schrödinger, Physics, 1933
- Karl Landsteiner, Physiology or Medicine,
1930
- Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Physiology or
Medicine, 1927
- Friderik
Pregl, born in then Austria-Hungary, now Slovenia, Chemistry,
1923
- Alfred Hermann Fried, Peace, 1911
- Robert Bárány, Physiology or Medicine, 1914
- Bertha von Suttner, born in then
Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic, Peace, 1905
Azerbaijan
- Lev
Landau, born in then Russian Empire, laureate when citizen of the
Soviet Union, Physics, 1962
[edit]
Bangladesh
- Muhammad
Yunus, Grameen Bank, Peace, 2006
Belarus
- Zhores Ivanovich Alferov*, born in
then Soviet Union, now Belarus, Physics, 2000
- Shimon
Peres, born in then Poland, now Belarus, Peace, 1994
- Menachem
Begin*, born in now Belarus, Peace, 1978
- Simon
Kuznets*, born in now Belarus, Economics, 1971
Belgium
- Ilya
Prigogine, born in Russia, Chemistry, 1977
- Christian de Duve, born in the United
Kingdom, Physiology and Medicine, 1974
- Albert
Claude, Physiology and Medicine, 1974
- Georges
Pire, Peace, 1958
- Corneille Heymans, Physiology and Medicine,
1938
- Jules
Bordet, Physiology and Medicine, 1919
- Henri La Fontaine, Peace, 1913
- Maurice Maeterlinck, Literature, 1911
- Auguste Beernaert, Peace,
1909
- Institut de Droit
International,
Peace, 1904
Bosnia
and Herzegovina
- Vladimir
Prelog*, born in then Austria–Hungary,
now Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chemistry, 1975
- Ivo
Andric*, born in Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Literature,
1961
Bulgaria
- Elias
Canetti*, Literature, 1981
Canada
- Willard S. Boyle*, Physics, 2009
- Robert
Mundell, Economics, 1999
- Myron
Scholes*, Economics, 1997
- William
Vickrey*, Economic Sciences, 1996
- Pugwash
Conferences on Science and World Affairs, Peace, 1995
- Bertram N. Brockhouse, Physics, 1994
- Michael Smith, born in the United
Kingdom, Chemistry, 1993
- Rudolph A. Marcus*, Chemistry, 1992
- Richard E. Taylor, Physics, 1990
- Sidney
Altman, Chemistry, 1989
- Henry
Taube*, Chemistry, 1983
- David
H. Hubel*, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
- Saul
Bellow*, Literature, 1976
- Gerhard Herzberg, born in Germany,
Chemistry, 1971
- Charles B. Huggins*, Physiology or
Medicine, 1966
- Lester B. Pearson, Peace, 1957
- John C. Polányi, born in Germany,
Chemistry, 1986
- William
Giauque*, Chemistry, 1949
- Frederick G. Banting, Physiology or
Medicine, 1923
Chile
- Pablo
Neruda, Literature, 1971
- Gabriela Mistral, Literature, 1945
People's
Republic of China
Main article: List of Chinese Nobel laureates
- Liu
Xiaobo, Peace, 2010
- Tenzin
Gyatso (The 14th Dalai Lama), Peace, 1989
Republic
of China
Main article: List of
Ethnic Chinese Nobel laureates
- Yuan
Tseh Lee, Chemistry, 1986
- Chen
Ning Yang, Physics, 1957
- Tsung-Dao
Lee, Physics, 1957
Colombia
- Gabriel García Márquez, Literature,
1982
Costa
Rica
- Oscar
Arias Sánchez, Peace, 1987
Croatia
- Leopold Ružička*, born in then
Austro-Hungarian Empire, laureate when citizen of Yugoslavia,
Chemistry, 1939
- Vladimir
Prelog*, born in then Austro-Hungarian Empire, laureate when
citizen of Yugoslavia, Chemistry, 1975
- Ivo
Andrić*, born in then Austro-Hungarian Empire, laureate when
citizen of Yugoslavia, Literature, 1961
Cyprus
- Christopher A. Pissarides,
Economics, 2010
Czech
Republic
- Jaroslav Seifert, Literature, 1984
- Jaroslav Heyrovský, Chemistry, 1959
- Carl Ferdinand Cori*, born in then
Austria-Hungary, Physiology or Medicine, 1947
- Gerty
Cori*, born in then Austria-Hungary, Physiology or Medicine,
1947
- Bertha von Suttner*, born in then
Austrian-Hungary, Peace, 1905
Denmark
- Jens Christian Skou, Chemistry, 1997
- Niels
Kaj Jerne, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
- Aage Bohr,
Physics, 1975
- Ben Roy Mottelson, Physics, 1975
- Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Literature,
1944
- Henrik
Dam, Physiology or Medicine, 1943
- Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger,
Physiology or Medicine, 1926
- Niels
Bohr, Physics, 1922
- August
Krogh, Physiology or Medicine, 1920
- Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Literature, 1917
- Henrik Pontoppidan, Literature, 1917
- Fredrik
Bajer, Peace, 1908
- Niels Ryberg Finsen, born on Faroe
Islands, Physiology or Medicine, 1903
East
Timor
- Carlos Filipe Ximenes
Belo,
Peace, 1996
- José Ramos-Horta, Peace, 1996
Egypt
- Mohamed El Baradei, Peace, 2005
- Ahmed
Zewail, Chemistry, 1999
- Naguib
Mahfouz, Literature, 1988
- Anwar
El Sadat, Peace, 1978
[edit]
Faroe Islands
- Niels Ryberg Finsen*, Physiology or
Medicine, 1903
Finland
- Martti Ahtisaari, Peace, 2008
- Ragnar
Granit*, born in then Russian Empire, Physiology or Medicine,
1967
- Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, born in
then Russian Empire, Chemistry, 1945
- Frans Eemil Sillanpää, born in then
Russian Empire, Literature, 1939
France
- J. M. G. Le Clézio, Literature, 2008
- Luc
Montagnier, Physiology or Medicine, 2008
- Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Physiology or
Medicine, 2008
- Albert
Fert, Physics, 2007
- Yves
Chauvin, Chemistry, 2005
- Gao
Xingjian, born in China, Literature, 2000
- Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, born in
Algeria, Physics, 1997
- Georges
Charpak, Physics, 1992
- Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Physics, 1991
- Maurice
Allais, Economics, 1988
- Jean-Marie
Lehn, Chemistry, 1987
- Claude
Simon, born on Madagascar, Literature, 1985
- Gerard
Debreu, Economics, 1983
- Jean
Dausset, Physiology or Medicine, 1980
- Roger
Guillemin*, Physiology or Medicine, 1977
- Seán MacBride*, Peace, 1974
- Louis
Néel, Physics, 1970
- René
Cassin, Peace, 1968
- Alfred
Kastler, Physics, 1966
- François Jacob, Physiology or Medicine, 1965
- Jacques
Monod, Physiology or Medicine, 1965
- André Lwoff, Physiology or Medicine, 1965
- Jean-Paul Sartre, Literature, 1964 (declined
the prize)
- Saint-John Perse, Literature, 1960
- Albert
Camus, born in Algeria, Literature, 1957
- Andre Frederic Cournand, Physiology or
Medicine, 1956
- François Mauriac, Literature, 1952
- Léon
Jouhaux, Peace, 1951
- André
Gide, Literature, 1947
- Roger Martin du Gard, Literature, 1937
- Frédéric Joliot, Chemistry, 1935
- Irène Joliot-Curie, Chemistry, 1935
- Ivan
Bunin, born in Russia, Literature, 1933
- Charles
Nicolle, Physiology or Medicine, 1928
- Henri
Bergson, Literature, 1927
- Ferdinand Buisson, Peace, 1927
- Aristide
Briand, Peace, 1926
- Jean-Baptiste Perrin, Physics, 1926
- Anatole
France, Literature, 1921
- Léon Bourgeois, Peace, 1920
- Romain
Rolland, Literature, 1915
- Charles
Richet, Physiology or Medicine, 1913
- Alexis
Carrel, Medicine, 1912
- Paul Sabatier, Chemistry, 1912
- Victor
Grignard, Chemistry, 1912
- Marie
Curie, born in then Russian Empire, now Poland, Chemistry, 1911
- Paul-Henri-Benjamin
d'Estournelles de Constant, Peace, 1909
- Gabriel Lippmann*, born in
Luxembourg, Physics, 1908
- Alphonse Laveran, Physiology or Medicine,
1907
- Louis Renault, Peace, 1907
- Henri
Moissan, Chemistry, 1906
- Frédéric Mistral, Literature, 1904
- Antoine
Henri Becquerel, Physics, 1903
- Pierre
Curie, Physics, 1903
- Marie
Curie, born in then Russian Empire, now Poland, Physics, 1903
- Frédéric Passy, Peace, 1901
- Sully
Prudhomme, Literature, 1901
Germany
- Herta
Müller, born in Romania, Literature, 2009
- Harald zur Hausen, Physiology or Medicine,
2008
- Gerhard
Ertl, Chemistry, 2007
- Peter Grünberg, born in then Protectorate of
Bohemia and Moravia, now the Czech Republic, Physics, 2007
- Theodor W. Hänsch, Physics, 2005
- Robert
Aumann*, Economics, 2005
- Wolfgang Ketterle, Physics, 2001
- Herbert
Kroemer, Physics, 2000
- Günter Blobel*, Physiology or Medicine, 1999
- Günter
Grass, born in then Free City of Danzig, now Poland,
Literature, 1999
- Horst L. Störmer, Physics, 1998
- Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard,
Physiology or Medicine, 1995
- Reinhard
Selten, Economics, 1994
- Bert
Sakmann, Physiology or Medicine, 1991
- Erwin
Neher, Physiology or Medicine, 1991
- Hans
G. Dehmelt*, Physics, 1989
- Wolfgang
Paul, Physics, 1989
- Johann Deisenhofer, Chemistry, 1988
- Robert
Huber, Chemistry, 1988
- Hartmut
Michel, Chemistry, 1988
- Jack Steinberger*, Physics, 1988
- J. Georg Bednorz, Physics, 1987
- Ernst
Ruska, Physics, 1986
- Gerd
Binnig, Physics, 1986
- Klaus von Klitzing, Physics, 1985
- Georges J.F. Köhler*, Physiology or
Medicine, 1984
- Georg
Wittig, Chemistry, 1979
- Arno
Penzias*, Physics, 1978
- Henry
Kissinger*, Peace, 1973
- Ernst Otto Fischer, Chemistry, 1973
- Karl Ritter von Frisch, born in then
Austria-Hungary, now Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 1973
- Heinrich Böll, Literature, 1972
- Gerhard Herzberg*, Chemistry, 1971
- Willy
Brandt, Peace, 1971
- Bernard
Katz*, Physiology or Medicine, 1970
- Max
Delbrück*, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
- Manfred
Eigen, Chemistry, 1967
- Hans Albrecht Bethe*, Physics, 1967
- Nelly
Sachs*, Literature, 1966
- Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen,
Physiology or Medicine, 1964
- Konrad Bloch*, Physiology or Medicine, 1964
- Karl
Ziegler, Chemistry, 1963
- Maria Goeppert-Mayer*, Physics, 1963
- J. Hans D. Jensen, Physics, 1963
- Rudolf Mössbauer, Physics, 1961
- Werner Forssmann, Physiology or Medicine,
1956
- Max Born*,
Physics, 1954
- Walther
Bothe, Physics, 1954
- Hermann Staudinger, Chemistry, 1953
- Fritz Albert Lipmann*, Physiology or
Medicine, 1953
- Hans Adolf Krebs*, Physiology or Medicine,
1953
- Albert Schweitzer*, Peace, 1952
- Otto
Diels, Chemistry, 1950
- Kurt
Alder, Chemistry, 1950
- Herman
Hesse*, Literature, 1946
- Ernst Boris Chain*, Physiology or Medicine,
1945
- Otto Hahn,
Chemistry 1944
- Otto
Stern*, Physics, 1943
- Adolf
Butenandt, Chemistry, 1939
- Gerhard
Domagk, Physiology or Medicine, 1939
- Richard
Kuhn, born in Austria, Chemistry, 1938
- Carl von Ossietzky, Peace, 1935
- Hans
Spemann, Physiology or Medicine, 1935
- Werner Karl Heisenberg, Physics, 1932
- Otto Heinrich Warburg, Physiology or
Medicine, 1931
- Carl
Bosch, Chemistry 1931
- Friedrich Bergius, Chemistry, 1931
- Hans
Fischer, Chemistry, 1930
- Thomas
Mann, Literature, 1929
- Hans von Euler-Chelpin*, Chemistry,
1929
- Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus,
Chemistry, 1928
- Ludwig
Quidde, Peace, 1927
- Heinrich Otto Wieland, Chemistry, 1927
- Gustav Stresemann, Peace, 1926
- James
Franck, Physics, 1925
- Gustav Ludwig Hertz, Physics, 1925
- Otto Fritz Meyerhof, Physiology or Medicine,
1922
- Albert
Einstein, Physics, 1921
- Walther
Nernst, Chemistry, 1920
- Johannes
Stark, Physics, 1919
- Fritz
Haber, Chemistry 1918
- Max Karl Ernst Ludwig
Planck,
Physics, 1918
- Richard Willstätter, Chemistry, 1915
- Max
von Laue, Physics, 1914
- Gerhart Hauptmann, born in then Prussia,
now Poland, Literature, 1912
- Wilhelm
Wien, Physics, 1911
- Otto
Wallach, Chemistry, 1910
- Albrecht
Kossel, Physiology or Medicine, 1910
- Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse, Literature,
1910
- Karl Ferdinand Braun, Physics, 1909
- Wilhelm
Ostwald, born in then Russia, now Latvia, Chemistry, 1909
- Rudolf Christoph Eucken, Literature,
1908
- Paul
Ehrlich, Physiology or Medicine, 1908
- Eduard
Buchner, Chemistry, 1907
- Albert Abraham Michelson*, born in
then Prussia, now Poland, Physics 1907
- Robert
Koch, Physiology or Medicine, 1905
- Philipp
Lenard, born in then Austrian Empire, now Slovakia, Physics,
1905
- Adolf von Baeyer, Chemistry, 1905
- Hermann Emil Fischer, Chemistry, 1902
- Theodor Mommsen, born in then Denmark,
Literature, 1902
- Emil Adolf von Behring, Physiology or
Medicine, 1901
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Physics, 1901
Ghana
- Kofi
Annan, Peace, 2001
Greece
- Odysseas
Elytis, Literature, 1979
- Giorgos
Seferis, Literature, 1963
Guatemala
- Rigoberta Menchú, Peace, 1992
- Miguel Ángel Asturias, Literature, 1967
Hong
Kong, China
- Charles
K. Kao, Physics, 2009
Hungary
- Imre
Kertész, Literature, 2002
- George Andrew Olah* (György Oláh),
Chemistry, 1994
- John
Harsanyi*, (Harsányi János) Economics, 1994
- Dennis
Gabor* (Dénes Gábor), Physics, 1971
- Eugene Wigner* (Jenő Wigner), Physics, 1963
- Georg von Békésy* (György Békésy), Physiology
or Medicine, 1961
- George de Hevesy (György Hevesy), Chemistry,
1943
- Albert Szent-Györgyi, Physiology or
Medicine, 1937
- Richard Adolf Zsigmondy*, Chemistry,
1925
- Fülöp
von Lénárd, (Lenárd Fülöp) Physics, 1905[7]
Iceland
- Halldór Laxness, Literature, 1955
India
Main article: Nobel laureates of India
- Venkatraman Ramakrishnan*, Chemistry,
2009
- Amartya
Sen, Economics, 1998
- Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, born
in then British India, Physics, 1983
- Mother
Teresa, born in then Ottoman Empire, now Macedonia, Peace, 1979
- Har Gobind Khorana, born in then British
India, Medicine, 1968
- C. V.
Raman, Physics, 1930
- Rabindranath Tagore, Literature, 1913
- Rudyard
Kipling, "born in Bombay, British India was the youngest ever
recipient of the award", Literature, 1907
- Ronald
Ross, "was born in India and a citizen of India of foreign
origin", Medicine for his work on malaria, 1902
Iran
- Doris
Lessing*, Literature, 2007
- Shirin
Ebadi, Peace, 2003
Ireland
- John Hume,
Northern Ireland, Peace, 1998
- David
Trimble, Northern Ireland, Peace, 1998
- Séamus Heaney, Literature, 1995
- Betty Williams, Northern
Ireland, Peace, 1976
- Mairéad Corrigan, Northern Ireland,
Peace, 1976
- Seán MacBride, born in France, Peace,
1974
- Samuel
Beckett, Literature, 1969
- Ernest
Walton, Physics, 1951
- George Bernard Shaw*, Literature, 1925
- William Butler Yeats, Literature, 1923
Israel
See also: List of Jewish Nobel laureates
- Ada
E. Yonath, Chemistry, 2009
- Robert
Aumann, born in Germany, Economics, 2005
- Aaron Ciechanover, Chemistry, 2004
- Avram
Hershko, born in Hungary, Chemistry, 2004
- Daniel
Kahneman, Economics, 2002
- Yitzhak
Rabin, Peace, 1994
- Shimon
Peres, born in then Poland, now Belarus, Peace, 1994
- Menachem
Begin, born in then Russia, now Belarus, Peace, 1978
- Shmuel Yosef Agnon, born in then
Austria-Hungary, now Ukraine, Literature, 1966
Italy
- Mario
Capecchi*, Physiology or Medicine, 2007
- Riccardo Giacconi*, Physics, 2002
- Dario Fo,
Literature, 1997
- Rita Levi-Montalcini, Physiology or
Medicine, 1986
- Franco Modigliani, Economics, 1985
- Carlo
Rubbia, Physics, 1984
- Renato
Dulbecco*, Physiology or Medicine, 1975
- Eugenio
Montale, Literature, 1975
- Salvador
Luria*, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
- Giulio
Natta, Chemistry, 1963
- Salvatore Quasimodo, Literature, 1959
- Emilio G. Segrè, Physics, 1959
- Daniel
Bovet, born in Switzerland, Physiology or Medicine, 1957
- Enrico
Fermi, Physics, 1938
- Luigi Pirandello, Literature, 1934
- Grazia
Deledda, Literature, 1926
- Guglielmo Marconi, Physics, 1909
- Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Peace, 1907
- Giosuè Carducci, Literature, 1906
- Camillo
Golgi, Physiology or Medicine, 1906
Japan
Main article: List of Japanese Nobel laureates
- Ei-ichi
Negishi*, Chemistry 2010
- Akira Suzuki, Chemistry 2010
- Osamu
Shimomura*, Chemistry, 2008
- Makoto Kobayashi, Physics, 2008
- Toshihide Maskawa, Physics, 2008
- Yoichiro
Nambu*, Physics, 2008
- Masatoshi Koshiba, Physics, 2002
- Koichi
Tanaka, Chemistry, 2002
- Ryōji
Noyori, Chemistry, 2001
- Hideki Shirakawa, Chemistry, 2000
- Kenzaburō Ōe, Literature,
1994
- Susumu
Tonegawa, Physiology or Medicine, 1987
- Charles J. Pedersen*, Chemistry, 1987
- Kenichi
Fukui, Chemistry, 1981
- Eisaku
Satō, Peace, 1974
- Leo Esaki,
Physics, 1973
- Yasunari Kawabata, Literature, 1968
- Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Physics, 1965
- Hideki
Yukawa, Physics, 1949
Kenya
- Wangari
Maathai, Peace, 2004
Korea,
South
- Kim
Dae-jung, Peace, 2000
Latvia
- Wilhelm
Ostwald*, born in then Russian Empire, Chemistry, 1909
Lithuania
- Aaron
Klug*, Chemistry, 1982
- Czesław Miłosz, born in
then Russian Empire, now Lithuania, Literature, 1980
Republic
of Macedonia
- Mother
Teresa*, Peace, 1979
Mexico
- Mario
J. Molina*, Chemistry, 1995
- Octavio
Paz, Literature, 1990
- Alfonso García Robles, Peace, 1982
Myanmar
(Burma)
- Aung San Suu Kyi, Peace, 1991
Netherlands
- Andre
Geim, born in Russia, Physics, 2010
- Martinus J. G. Veltman, Physics, 1999
- Gerardus 't Hooft, Physics, 1999
- Paul
J. Crutzen, Chemistry, 1995
- Simon van der Meer, Physics, 1984
- Nicolaas Bloembergen*, Physics, 1981
- Tjalling Koopmans, Economics, 1975
- Nikolaas Tinbergen*, Physiology or
Medicine, 1973
- Jan
Tinbergen, Economics, 1969
- Frits
Zernike, Physics, 1953
- Peter
Debye, Chemistry, 1936
- Christiaan Eijkman, Physiology or Medicine,
1929
- Willem Einthoven, Physiology or Medicine,
1924
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Physics, 1913
- Tobias Asser, Peace, 1911
- Johannes Diderik van
der Waals,
Physics, 1910
- Pieter
Zeeman, Physics, 1902
- Hendrik
Lorentz, Physics, 1902
- Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff,
Chemistry, 1901
New
Zealand
- Alan
MacDiarmid*, Chemistry, 2000
- Maurice
Wilkins*, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
- Ernest Rutherford*, Chemistry, 1908
Nigeria
- Wole
Soyinka, Literature, 1986
Norway
- Finn
E. Kydland, Economics, 2004
- Trygve
Haavelmo, Economics, 1989
- Charles J. Pedersen*, Chemistry, 1987
- Ivar
Giaever, Physics, 1973
- Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch,
Economics, 1969
- Odd
Hassel, Chemistry, 1969
- Lars
Onsager, Chemistry, 1968
- Sigrid
Undset, Literature, 1928
- Fridtjof
Nansen, Peace, 1922
- Christian Lous Lange, Peace, 1921
- Knut
Hamsun, Literature, 1920
- Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Literature, 1903
Pakistan
- Abdus
Salam, Physics, 1979
Peru
- Mario Vargas Llosa, Literature, 2010
Poland
- Wisława Szymborska, Literature,
1996
- Joseph
Rotblat*, born in then Russian Empire, Peace, 1995
- Georges
Charpak*, born in now Ukraine, Physics, 1992
- Lech Wałęsa, Peace, 1983
- Roald
Hoffmann*, born in now Ukraine, Chemistry, 1981
- Czesław Miłosz, born in
then Russian Empire, now Lithuania, Literature, 1980
- Isaac Bashevis Singer*, born in then
Russian Empire, Literature, 1978
- Tadeus Reichstein*, born in then Russian
Empire, Physiology or Medicine, 1950
- Władysław Reymont, born
in then Russian Empire, Literature, 1924
- Marie
Skłodowska-Curie*, born in then Russian Empire, Chemistry,
1911
- Henryk Sienkiewicz, born in then Russian
Empire, Literature, 1905
- Maria
Skłodowska-Curie*, born in then Russian Empire, Physics,
1903
Portugal
- José de Sousa Saramago, Literature,
1998
- Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo*, born
in then Portuguese Timor, now East Timor, Peace, 1996
- José Ramos-Horta*, born in then Portuguese
Timor, now East Timor, Peace, 1996
- António
Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz, Physiology or Medicine,
1949
Romania
- Herta
Müller*, Literature, 2009
- Elie
Wiesel*, Peace, 1986
- George E. Palade*, Physiology or Medicine,
1974
Russia
- Andre
Geim*, Physics, 2010
- Konstantin Novoselov*, Physics, 2010
- Leonid
Hurwicz*, Economics, 2007
- Alexei A. Abrikosov*, Physics, 2003
- Vitaly Ginzburg, Physics, 2003
- Zhores Ivanovich Alferov, born in
then Soviet Union, now Belarus, Physics, 2000
- Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev,
Peace, 1990
- Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky*,
Literature, 1987
- Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Physics,
1978
- Menachem
Begin*, born in now Belarus, Peace, 1978
- Ilya
Prigogine*, Chemistry, 1977
- Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov,
Peace, 1975
- Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich,
Economics, 1975
- Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Literature,
1970
- Michail Sholokhov,
Literature, 1965
- Nicolay G. Basov, Physics, 1964
- Aleksandr M. Prokhorov, born in
Australia, Physics, 1964
- Lev Davidovich Landau, Physics, 1962
- Boris Pasternak, Literature, 1958
(forced to decline)
- Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov,
Physics, 1958
- Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm, Physics, 1958
- Ilya
Mikhailovich Frank, Physics, 1958
- Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov,
Chemistry, 1956
- Ivan Bunin*, Literature, 1933
- Wilhelm
Ostwald*, born in now Latvia, Chemistry, 1909
- Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, born in now
Ukraine, Physiology or Medicine, 1908
- Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Physiology or
Medicine, 1904
St
Lucia
- Derek
Walcott, Literature, 1992
- Sir Arthur Lewis*, Economics, 1979
Serbia
- Ivo
Andrić*, born in then Austria–Hungary, now Bosnia-Herzegovina,
spent most of his life in Belgrade, Literature, 1961
Slovenia
- Friderik
Pregl*, born in then Austria-Hungary, Chemistry, 1923
South
Africa
- J.
M. Coetzee, Literature, 2003
- Sydney
Brenner*, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
- F.W. de Klerk, Peace, 1993
- Nelson
Mandela, Peace, 1993
- Nadine
Gordimer, Literature, 1991
- Desmond
Tutu, Peace, 1984
- Allan M. Cormack*, Physiology or
Medicine, 1979
- Albert
Lutuli, Peace, 1960
- Max
Theiler, Physiology or Medicine, 1951
Spain
- Camilo José Cela, Literature, 1989
- Vicente Aleixandre, Literature, 1977
- Severo
Ochoa*, Physiology or Medicine, 1959
- Juan Ramón Jiménez, Literature, 1956
- Jacinto Benavente, Literature, 1922
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Physiology or
Medicine, 1906
- José Echegaray, Literature, 1904
Sweden
- Arvid
Carlsson, Physiology or Medicine, 2000
- Alva
Myrdal, Peace, 1982
- Sune Bergström, Physiology or Medicine, 1982
- Bengt I. Samuelsson, Physiology or
Medicine, 1982
- Kai
Siegbahn, Physics, 1981
- Torsten
Wiesel*, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
- Bertil
Ohlin, Economics, 1977
- Eyvind
Johnson, Literature, 1974
- Harry
Martinson, Literature, 1974
- Gunnar
Myrdal, Economics, 1974
- Ulf
von Euler, Physiology or Medicine, 1970
- Hannes Alfvén, Physics, 1970
- Ragnar
Granit, born in then Russian Empire, now Finland, Physiology or
Medicine, 1967
- Nelly
Sachs, born in Germany, Literature, 1966
- Dag Hammarskjöld, Peace, 1961 (posthumously)
- Pär Lagerkvist, Literature, 1951
- Arne
Tiselius, Chemistry, 1948
- Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Literature, 1931
- Nathan Söderblom, Peace, 1930
- Hans von Euler-Chelpin, born in
Germany, Chemistry, 1929
- Theodor Svedberg, Chemistry, 1926
- Karl Manne Siegbahn, Physics, 1924
- Hjalmar Branting, Peace, 1921
- Carl Gustaf Verner
von Heidenstam,
Literature, 1916
- Gustaf
Dalén, Physics, 1912
- Selma Lagerlöf, Literature, 1909
- Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Peace, 1908
- Svante Arrhenius, Chemistry, 1903
Switzerland
- Kurt Wüthrich, Chemistry, 2002
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Peace, 1999
- Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Physiology or
Medicine, 1996
- Edmond H. Fischer, born in China,
Physiology or Medicine, 1992
- Richard R. Ernst, Chemistry, 1991
- Karl Alexander Müller, Physics, 1987
- Heinrich
Rohrer, Physics, 1986
- Georges J. F. Köhler, born in Germany,
Physiology or Medicine, 1984
- Werner
Arber, Physiology or Medicine, 1978
- Vladimir
Prelog, born in then Austria-Hungary, now Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Chemistry, 1975
- Daniel
Bovet, Physiology or Medicine, 1957
- Felix
Bloch, Physics, 1952
- Tadeus Reichstein, Physiology or Medicine,
1950
- Walter Rudolf Hess, Physiology or Medicine,
1949
- Paul Hermann Müller, Physiology or
Medicine, 1948
- Hermann
Hesse, born in Germany, Literature, 1946
- Leopold Ružička, born in then
Austria-Hungary, now Croatia, Chemistry, 1939
- Paul
Karrer, Chemistry, 1937
- Albert Einstein, born in Germany, Physics, 1921
- Charles Édouard Guillaume, Physics,
1920
- Carl
Spitteler, Literature, 1919
- Alfred
Werner, Chemistry, 1913
- Theodor Kocher, Physiology or Medicine,
1909
- Élie Ducommun, Peace, 1902
- Charles Albert Gobat, Peace, 1902
- Henry
Dunant, Peace, 1901
Trinidad
and Tobago
- V.
S. Naipaul*, Literature, 2001
Turkey
- Orhan
Pamuk, Literature, 2006
Ukraine
- Georges
Charpak*, born in then Poland, Physics, 1992
- Roald
Hoffmann*, born in then Poland, Chemistry, 1981
- Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov*, born in then
Russian Empire, Physiology or Medicine, 1908
United
Kingdom
- Andre
Geim, born in Russia, Physics, 2010
- Konstantin Novoselov, born in Russia,
Physics, 2010
- Robert G. Edwards, Physiology or Medicine,
2010
- Jack
W. Szostak*, Physiology or Medicine, 2009
- Charles
K. Kao, born in China, Physics, 2009
- Doris
Lessing, born in Iran, Literature, 2007
- Sir
Martin J. Evans, Physiology or Medicine, 2007
- Oliver
Smithies*, Physiology or Medicine, 2007
- Harold
Pinter, Literature, 2005
- Clive W. J. Granger*, Economics, 2003
- Anthony J. Leggett*, Physics, 2003
- Peter
Mansfield, Physiology or Medicine, 2003
- Sydney
Brenner, born in South Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
- John
E. Sulston, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
- Tim Hunt,
Physiology or Medicine, 2001
- Paul
Nurse, Physiology or Medicine, 2001
- V.S.
Naipaul, born in Trinidad Literature, 2001
- John
Pople, Chemistry, 1998
- John
E. Walker, Chemistry, 1997
- Harold
Kroto, Chemistry, 1996
- James A. Mirrlees, Economics, 1996
- Joseph
Rotblat, born in then Russian Empire, now Poland, Peace, 1995
- Seamus
Heaney*, Literature, 1995
- Richard J. Roberts, Physiology or Medicine,
1993
- Michael Smith*, Chemistry, 1993
- Ronald
Coase, Economics, 1991
- James
W. Black, Physiology or Medicine, 1988
- Niels
Kaj Jerne*, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
- César Milstein, born in Argentina,
Physiology or Medicine, 1984
- Richard
Stone, Economics, 1984
- William
Golding, Literature, 1983
- Aaron
Klug, born in Lithuania, Chemistry, 1982
- John Robert Vane, Physiology or Medicine,
1982
- Elias
Canetti, born in Bulgaria, Literature, 1981
- Frederick Sanger, Chemistry, 1980
- Arthur Lewis, born on St. Lucia,
Economics, 1979
- Godfrey Hounsfield, Physiology or Medicine,
1979
- Peter D. Mitchell, Chemistry, 1978
- James
Meade, Economics, 1977
- Nevill Francis Mott, Physics, 1977
- Amnesty International, Peace, 1977
- John
Cornforth, born in Australia, Chemistry, 1975
- Christian de Duve*, Physiology or Medicine,
1974
- Friedrich
Hayek, born in Austria, Economics, 1974
- Martin
Ryle, Physics, 1974
- Antony
Hewish, Physics, 1974
- Patrick
White*, Literature, 1973
- Geoffrey Wilkinson, Chemistry, 1973
- Brian David Josephson, Physics, 1973
- Rodney Robert Porter, Physiology or
Medicine, 1972
- John
Hicks, Economics, 1972
- Dennis
Gabor, born in Hungary, Physics, 1971
- Bernard
Katz, born in Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1970
- Derek Harold Richard Barton,
Chemistry, 1969
- Ronald George Wreyford Norrish,
Chemistry, 1967
- George
Porter, Chemistry, 1967
- Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Chemistry,
1964
- Andrew
Huxley, Physiology or Medicine, 1963
- Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Physiology or Medicine,
1963
- John
Kendrew, Chemistry, 1962
- Max
Perutz, born in Austria, Chemistry, 1962
- Francis
Crick, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
- Maurice
Wilkins, born in New Zealand, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
- Peter
Medawar, born in Brazil, Physiology or Medicine, 1960
- Severo
Ochoa*, born in Spain, Physiology or Medicine, 1959
- Philip Noel-Baker, Peace,
1959
- Frederick Sanger, Chemistry, 1958
- Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd,
Chemistry, 1957
- Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Chemistry,
1956
- Max Born,
born in then Germany, now Poland, Physics, 1954
- Winston Churchill, Literature, 1953
- Hans Adolf Krebs, born in Germany,
Physiology or Medicine, 1953
- Archer John Porter Martin,
Chemistry, 1952
- Richard Laurence Millington
Synge, Chemistry, 1952
- John
Cockcroft, Physics, 1951
- Bertrand Russell, Literature, 1950
- Cecil Frank Powell, Physics, 1950
- John
Boyd Orr, Peace, 1949
- Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett,
Physics, 1948
- T. S.
Eliot, born in the United States of America, Literature, 1948
- Edward Victor Appleton, Physics, 1947
- Robert Robinson, Chemistry, 1947
- Friends Service Council, Peace, 1947
- Ernst Boris Chain, born in Germany,
Physiology or Medicine, 1945
- Alexander Fleming, Physiology or Medicine,
1945
- George Paget Thomson, Physics, 1937
- Robert Cecil, 1st
Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, Peace, 1937
- Norman
Haworth, Chemistry, 1937
- Henry Hallett Dale, Physiology or Medicine,
1936
- James
Chadwick, Physics, 1935
- Arthur Henderson, Peace, 1934
- Norman
Angell, Peace, 1933
- Paul
Dirac, Physics, 1933
- Charles Scott Sherrington,
Physiology or Medicine, 1932
- John
Galsworthy, Literature, 1932
- Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian,
Physiology or Medicine, 1932
- Arthur
Harden, Chemistry, 1929
- Frederick Hopkins, Physiology or Medicine,
1929
- Owen Willans Richardson, Physics, 1928
- Charles Thomson Rees Wilson,
Physics, 1927
- Austen Chamberlain, Peace, 1925
- George Bernard Shaw, born in Ireland,
Literature, 1925
- John James Rickard Macleod*,
Physiology or Medicine, 1923
- Francis William Aston, Chemistry, 1922
- Archibald
Hill, Physiology or Medicine, 1922
- Frederick
Soddy, Chemistry, 1921
- Charles Glover Barkla, Physics, 1917
- William Henry Bragg, Physics, 1915
- William Lawrence Bragg, born in
Australia, Physics, 1915
- Ernest
Rutherford, born in New Zealand, Chemistry, 1908
- Rudyard
Kipling, born in India, Literature, 1907
- J.
J. Thomson, Physics, 1906
- John Strutt, 3rd Baron
Rayleigh, Physics, 1904
- William
Ramsay, Chemistry, 1904
- William Randal Cremer, Peace, 1903
- Ronald
Ross, born in India, Physiology or Medicine, 1902
United
States
- Peter A. Diamond, Economics, 2010
- Dale T. Mortensen, Economics, 2010
- Richard
F. Heck, Chemistry, 2010
- Ei-ichi
Negishi, born in Japan, Chemistry, 2010
- Elinor
Ostrom, Economics, 2009
- Oliver Eaton Williamson, Economics,
2009
- Barack
Obama, Peace, 2009
- Thomas A. Steitz, Chemistry, 2009
- Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, born in
India, Chemistry, 2009
- Willard S. Boyle, born in Canada,
Physics, 2009
- Charles
K. Kao, born in China, Physics, 2009
- George
E. Smith, Physics, 2009
- Elizabeth Blackburn, born in Australia,
Physiology or Medicine, 2009
- Carol W. Greider, Physiology or Medicine,
2009
- Jack
W. Szostak, born in United Kingdom, Physiology or Medicine,
2009
- Paul
Krugman, Economics, 2008
- Roger Yonchien Tsien, Chemistry, 2008
- Martin
Chalfie, Chemistry, 2008
- Osamu
Shimomura, born in Japan, Chemistry, 2008
- Yoichiro
Nambu, born in Japan, Physics, 2008
- Leonid
Hurwicz, born in Russia, Economics, 2007
- Eric
S. Maskin, Economics, 2007
- Roger B. Myerson, Economics, 2007
- Al Gore, Peace,
2007
- Mario R. Capecchi, born in Italy,
Physiology or Medicine, 2007
- Oliver
Smithies, born in United Kingdom, Physiology or Medicine, 2007
- Roger D. Kornberg, Chemistry, 2006
- John
C. Mather, Physics, 2006
- Edmund S. Phelps, Economics, 2006
- George
F. Smoot, Physics, 2006
- Andrew
Z. Fire, Physiology or Medicine, 2006
- Craig
C. Mello, Physiology or Medicine, 2006
- Robert
Aumann, born in Germany, Economics, 2005
- Robert H. Grubbs, Chemistry, 2005
- Richard R. Schrock, Chemistry, 2005
- Thomas Schelling, Economics, 2005
- John
L. Hall, Physics, 2005
- Roy
J. Glauber, Physics, 2005
- Irwin
Rose, Chemistry, 2004
- Edward C. Prescott, Economics, 2004
- David
J. Gross, Physics, 2004
- H. David Politzer, Physics, 2004
- Frank
Wilczek, Physics, 2004
- Richard
Axel, Physiology or Medicine, 2004
- Linda
B. Buck, Physiology or Medicine, 2004
- Peter
Agre, Chemistry, 2003
- Roderick MacKinnon, Chemistry, 2003
- Robert
F. Engle, Economics, 2003
- Anthony J. Leggett, born in United
Kingdom, Physics, 2003
- Paul
C. Lauterbur, Physiology or Medicine, 2003
- Alexei A. Abrikosov, born in Russia,
Physics, 2003
- Daniel
Kahneman, born in Israel, Economics, 2002
- Vernon
L. Smith, Economics, 2002
- Jimmy
Carter, Peace, 2002
- Raymond Davis Jr., Physics, 2002
- Riccardo Giacconi, born in Italy,
Physics, 2002
- Sydney
Brenner, born in South Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
- H. Robert Horvitz, Physiology or Medicine,
2002
- William S. Knowles, Chemistry, 2001
- K. Barry Sharpless, Chemistry, 2001
- Joseph E. Stiglitz, Economics, 2001
- George A. Akerlof, Economics, 2001
- A. Michael Spence, Economics, 2001
- Eric A. Cornell, Physics, 2001
- Carl
E. Wieman, Physics, 2001
- Leland H. Hartwell, Physiology or Medicine,
2001
- Alan
Heeger, Chemistry, 2000
- Alan
MacDiarmid, born in New Zealand, Chemistry, 2000
- James J. Heckman, Economics, 2000
- Daniel L. McFadden, Economics, 2000
- Jack
Kilby, Physics, 2000
- Paul
Greengard, Physiology or Medicine, 2000
- Eric
R. Kandel, born in Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 2000
- Ahmed
H. Zewail, born in Egypt, Chemistry, 1999
- Günter Blobel, born in then Germany, now
Poland, Physiology or Medicine, 1999
- Walter
Kohn, born in Austria, Chemistry, 1998
- Robert B. Laughlin, Physics, 1998
- Daniel
C. Tsui, born in China, Physics, 1998
- Robert F. Furchgott, Physiology or
Medicine, 1998
- Louis J. Ignarro, Physiology or Medicine,
1998
- Ferid
Murad, of Albanian heritage, Physiology or Medicine, 1998
- Paul
D. Boyer, Chemistry, 1997
- Robert C. Merton, Economics, 1997
- Myron
Scholes, born in Canada, Economics, 1997
- Jody
Williams, Peace, 1997
- Steven
Chu, Physics, 1997
- William D. Phillips, Physics, 1997
- Stanley B. Prusiner, Physiology or
Medicine, 1997
- Richard E. Smalley, Chemistry, 1996
- Robert F. Curl Jr., Chemistry, 1996
- William
Vickrey, born in Canada, Economics, 1996
- David
M. Lee, Physics, 1996
- Douglas D. Osheroff, Physics, 1996
- Robert C. Richardson, Physics, 1996
- Mario J. Molina, born in Mexico,
Chemistry, 1995
- F. Sherwood Rowland, Chemistry, 1995
- Robert Lucas, Jr., Economics, 1995
- Martin
L. Perl, Physics, 1995
- Frederick Reines, Physics, 1995
- Edward B. Lewis, Physiology or Medicine, 1995
- Eric F. Wieschaus, Physiology or Medicine,
1995
- George Andrew Olah, born in Hungary,
Chemistry, 1994
- John Charles Harsanyi, born in
Hungary, Economics, 1994
- John Forbes Nash, Economics, 1994
- Clifford
G. Shull, Physics, 1994
- Alfred G. Gilman, Physiology or Medicine,
1994
- Martin
Rodbell, Physiology or Medicine, 1994
- Kary
B. Mullis, Chemistry, 1993
- Robert
W. Fogel, Economics, 1993
- Douglass C. North, Economics, 1993
- Toni
Morrison, Literature, 1993
- Russell A. Hulse, Physics, 1993
- Joseph H. Taylor Jr., Physics, 1993
- Phillip A. Sharp, Physiology or Medicine,
1993
- Rudolph A. Marcus, born in Canada,
Chemistry, 1992
- Gary
S. Becker, Economics, 1992
- Edmond H. Fischer, born in China,
Physiology or Medicine, 1992
- Edwin
G. Krebs, Physiology or Medicine, 1992
- Elias James Corey, Chemistry, 1990
- Merton H. Miller, Economics, 1990
- William F. Sharpe, Economics, 1990
- Harry M. Markowitz, Economics, 1990
- Jerome I. Friedman, Physics, 1990
- Henry W. Kendall, Physics, 1990
- Joseph
E. Murray, Physiology or Medicine, 1990
- E. Donnall Thomas, Physiology or Medicine,
1990
- Sidney
Altman, born in Canada, Chemistry, 1989
- Thomas
R. Cech, Chemistry, 1989
- Hans
G. Dehmelt, born in Germany, Physics, 1989
- Norman F. Ramsey, Physics, 1989
- J. Michael Bishop, Physiology or Medicine,
1989
- Harold E. Varmus, Physiology or Medicine,
1989
- Leon M. Lederman, Physics, 1988
- Melvin
Schwartz, Physics, 1988
- Jack Steinberger, born in Germany,
Physics, 1988
- Gertrude B. Elion, Physiology or Medicine,
1988
- George H. Hitchings, Physiology or
Medicine, 1988
- Charles J. Pedersen, born in Korea,
Chemistry, 1987
- Donald
J. Cram, Chemistry, 1987
- Robert
M. Solow, Economics, 1987
- Joseph
Brodsky, born in Russia, Literature, 1987
- Dudley R. Herschbach, Chemistry, 1986
- Yuan
T. Lee, born in Taiwan, Chemistry, 1986
- James M. Buchanan, Economics, 1986
- Elie
Wiesel, born in Romania, Peace, 1986
- Stanley Cohen, Physiology or Medicine,
1986
- Rita Levi-Montalcini, born in Italy,
Physiology or Medicine, 1986
- Jerome
Karle, Chemistry, 1985
- Herbert A. Hauptman, Chemistry, 1985
- Franco Modigliani, born in Italy,
Economics, 1985
- Michael S. Brown, Physiology or Medicine,
1985
- Joseph L. Goldstein, Physiology or
Medicine, 1985
- Bruce Merrifield, Chemistry, 1984
- Henry
Taube, born in Canada, Chemistry, 1983
- Gerard
Debreu, born in France, Economics, 1983
- Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, born
in India, Physics, 1983
- William A. Fowler, Physics, 1983
- Barbara McClintock, Physiology or Medicine,
1983
- George J. Stigler, Economics, 1982
- Kenneth G. Wilson, Physics, 1982
- Roald
Hoffmann, born in then Poland, now Ukraine, Chemistry, 1981
- James
Tobin, Economics, 1981
- Nicolaas Bloembergen, born in the
Netherlands, Physics, 1981
- Arthur L. Schawlow, Physics, 1981
- David
H. Hubel, born in Canada, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
- Roger W. Sperry, Physiology or Medicine,
1981
- Walter
Gilbert, Chemistry, 1980
- Paul Berg,
Chemistry, 1980
- Lawrence R. Klein, Economics, 1980
- Czesław Miłosz, born in
then Russian Empire, now Lithuania, Literature, 1980
- James
Cronin, Physics, 1980
- Val Fitch,
Physics, 1980
- Baruj Benacerraf, born in Venezuela,
Physiology or Medicine, 1980
- George D. Snell, Physiology or Medicine,
1980
- Herbert C. Brown, Chemistry, 1979
- Theodore Schultz, Economics, 1979
- Steven
Weinberg, Physics, 1979
- Sheldon
Glashow, Physics, 1979
- Allan M. Cormack, born in South
Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 1979
- Herbert A. Simon, Economics, 1978
- Isaac Bashevis Singer, born in then
Russian Empire, now Poland, Literature, 1978
- Robert Woodrow Wilson, Physics, 1978
- Arno
Penzias, born in Germany, Physics, 1978
- Hamilton O. Smith, Physiology or Medicine,
1978
- Daniel
Nathans, Physiology or Medicine, 1978
- Philip
Anderson, Physics, 1977
- John H. van Vleck, Physics, 1977
- Roger Guillemin, born in France,
Physiology or Medicine, 1977
- Andrzej W. Schally, born in then
Poland, now Lithuania, Physiology or Medicine, 1977
- Rosalyn Yalow, Physiology or Medicine,
1977
- William Lipscomb, Chemistry, 1976
- Milton
Friedman, Economics, 1976
- Saul
Bellow, born in Canada, Literature, 1976
- Burton
Richter, Physics, 1976
- Samuel C. C. Ting, Physics, 1976
- Baruch S. Blumberg, Physiology or Medicine,
1976
- Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, Physiology
or Medicine, 1976
- Tjalling C. Koopmans, born in the
Netherlands, Economics, 1975
- Ben R. Mottelson*, Physics, 1975
- James
Rainwater, Physics, 1975
- David
Baltimore, Physiology or Medicine, 1975
- Renato Dulbecco, born in Italy,
Physiology or Medicine, 1975
- Howard Martin Temin, Physiology or
Medicine, 1975
- Paul
J. Flory, Chemistry, 1974
- George E. Palade, born in Romania,
Physiology or Medicine, 1974
- Wassily Leontief, born in Germany,
Economics, 1973
- Henry
Kissinger, born in Germany, Peace, 1973
- Ivar
Giaever, Norway, Physics, 1973
- Christian Anfinsen, Chemistry, 1972
- Stanford
Moore, Chemistry, 1972
- William H. Stein, Chemistry, 1972
- Kenneth J. Arrow, Economics, 1972
- John
Bardeen, Physics 1972
- Leon
N. Cooper, Physics 1972
- Robert Schrieffer, Physics 1972
- Gerald
Edelman, Physiology or Medicine, 1972
- Simon
Kuznets, born in then Russia, now Belarus, Economics, 1971
- Earl W. Sutherland Jr., Physiology
or Medicine, 1971
- Paul A. Samuelson, Economics, 1970
- Norman
Borlaug, Peace, 1970
- Julius
Axelrod, Physiology or Medicine, 1970
- Murray Gell-Mann, Physics, 1969
- Max
Delbrück, born in Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
- Alfred
Hershey, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
- Salvador
Luria, born in Italy, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
- Lars
Onsager, born in Norway, Chemistry, 1968
- Luis
Alvarez, Physics, 1968
- Robert W. Holley, Physiology or Medicine,
1968
- Har Gobind Khorana, born in India,
Physiology or Medicine, 1968
- Marshall Warren Nirenberg,
Physiology or Medicine, 1968
- Hans
Bethe, born in then Germany, now France, Physics, 1967
- Haldan Keffer Hartline, Physiology or
Medicine, 1967
- George
Wald, Physiology or Medicine, 1967
- Robert S. Mulliken, Chemistry, 1966
- Charles B. Huggins, born in Canada,
Physiology or Medicine, 1966
- Francis Peyton Rous, Physiology or
Medicine, 1966
- Robert B. Woodward, Chemistry, 1965
- Richard P. Feynman, Physics, 1965
- Julian Schwinger, Physics, 1965
- Martin Luther King, Jr., Peace, 1964
- Charles H. Townes, Physics, 1964
- Konrad
Bloch, born in then Germany, now Poland, Physiology or
Medicine, 1964
- Maria Goeppert-Mayer, born in then
Germany, now Poland, Physics, 1963
- Eugene
Wigner, born in Hungary, Physics, 1963
- John
Steinbeck, Literature, 1962
- Linus
C. Pauling, Peace, 1962
- James
D. Watson, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
- Melvin
Calvin, Chemistry, 1961
- Robert Hofstadter, Physics, 1961
- Georg von Békésy, born in Hungary,
Physiology or Medicine, 1961
- Willard F. Libby, Chemistry, 1960
- Donald A. Glaser, Physics, 1960
- Owen Chamberlain, Physics, 1959
- Emilio
Segrè, born in Italy, Physics, 1959
- Arthur
Kornberg, Physiology or Medicine, 1959
- Severo
Ochoa, born in Spain, Physiology or Medicine, 1959
- George Beadle, Physiology or Medicine,
1958
- Joshua Lederberg, Physiology or Medicine,
1958
- Edward Tatum, Physiology or Medicine, 1958
- Chen
Ning Yang, born in China, Physics, 1957
- Tsung-Dao
Lee, born in China, Physics, 1957
- William B. Shockley, Physics, 1956
- John
Bardeen, Physics, 1956
- Walter H. Brattain, Physics, 1956
- Dickinson W. Richards, Physiology or
Medicine, 1956
- André F. Cournand, France, Physiology
or Medicine, 1956
- Vincent du Vigneaud, Chemistry, 1955
- Willis
E. Lamb, Physics, 1955
- Polykarp
Kusch, born in Germany, Physics, 1955
- Linus
C. Pauling, Chemistry, 1954
- Ernest Hemingway, Literature, 1954
- John
F. Enders, Physiology or Medicine, 1954
- Frederick C. Robbins, Physiology or
Medicine, 1954
- Thomas H. Weller, Physiology or Medicine,
1954
- George
C. Marshall, Peace, 1953
- Fritz
Lipmann, born in then Germany, now Russia, Physiology or
Medicine, 1953
- E.
M. Purcell, Physics, 1952
- Felix
Bloch, born in Switzerland, Physics, 1952
- Selman A. Waksman, born in then Russian
Empire, now Ukraine, Physiology or Medicine, 1952
- Edwin M. McMillan, Chemistry, 1951
- Glenn Theodore Seaborg, Chemistry, 1951
- Ralph
J. Bunche, Peace, 1950
- Philip
S. Hench, Physiology or Medicine, 1950
- Edward C. Kendall, Physiology or Medicine,
1950
- William
Giauque, born in Canada, Chemistry, 1949
- William Faulkner, Literature, 1949
- T. S.
Eliot*, Literature, 1948
- American Friends Service
Committee (The Quakers), Peace, 1947
- Carl Cori,
born in Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 1947
- Gerty
Cori, born in Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 1947
- Wendell M. Stanley, Chemistry, 1946
- James
B. Sumner, Chemistry, 1946
- John H. Northrop, Chemistry, 1946
- Emily G. Balch, Peace, 1946
- John R.
Mott, Peace, 1946
- Percy W. Bridgman, Physics, 1946
- Hermann J. Muller, Physiology or Medicine,
1946
- Cordell
Hull, Peace, 1945
- Isidor Isaac Rabi, born in Austria,
Physics, 1944
- Joseph
Erlanger, Physiology or Medicine, 1944
- Herbert S. Gasser, Physiology or Medicine,
1944
- Otto
Stern, born in then Germany, now Poland, Physics, 1943
- Edward
A. Doisy, Physiology or Medicine, 1943
- Ernest
Lawrence, Physics, 1939
- Pearl
S. Buck, Literature, 1938
- Clinton Davisson, Physics, 1937
- Eugene
O'Neill, Literature, 1936
- Carl Anderson, Physics, 1936
- Harold
C. Urey, Chemistry, 1934
- George
R. Minot, Physiology or Medicine, 1934
- William P. Murphy, Physiology or Medicine,
1934
- George H. Whipple, Physiology or Medicine,
1934
- Thomas H. Morgan, Physiology or Medicine,
1933
- Irving
Langmuir, Chemistry, 1932
- Jane
Addams, Peace, 1931
- Nicholas M. Butler, Peace, 1931
- Sinclair
Lewis, Literature, 1930
- Frank B. Kellogg, Peace, 1929
- Arthur H. Compton, Physics, 1927
- Charles G. Dawes, Peace, 1925
- Robert A. Millikan, Physics, 1923
- Woodrow
Wilson, Peace, 1919
- Theodore W. Richards, Chemistry, 1914
- Elihu
Root, Peace, 1912
- Albert A. Michelson, born in then
Germany, now Poland, Physics, 1907
- Theodore Roosevelt, Peace, 1906
Vietnam
- Lê Ðức Thọ, Peace, 1973
(declined)
See
also
Following are 5 individuals who were Indian citizens at the time
they were awarded:
Rabindranath Tagore 1913 (Literature)
C.V. Raman 1930 (Physics)
Mother Teresa 1979 (Peace)
Amartya Sen 1998 (Economic
Studies)
Kailash Satyarthi 2014 (Peace)
Dr. Subramanian
Chandrashekar, (son of elder brother of Sir C.V Raman-1983 and Dr. Venkataraman
Ramakrishnan-2009.